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考研英語：語法大全(非限定動(dòng)詞)
非謂語動(dòng)詞，又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，是動(dòng)詞在句中的一種存在形式的集合，包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。以下是小編整理的考研英語：語法大全(非限定動(dòng)詞)，歡迎閱讀。
非限定動(dòng)詞
種類、意義和特征
1)非限定動(dòng)詞(verbal)有動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種。
2)非限定動(dòng)詞和限定動(dòng)詞的基本區(qū)別
a)限定動(dòng)詞在句子中可以單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞，非限定動(dòng)詞在句中則不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。
b)限定動(dòng)詞的形式要與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，而非限定動(dòng)詞的形式則不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。如：
He likes to sing
它他喜歡唱歌。
They like to sing.
他們喜歡唱歌。
限定動(dòng)詞like受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，的形式與主語一致。第一句為likes，第二句為like。非限定動(dòng)詞sing則不受這種限制，它的形式不隨主語而改變。
The man walking in front was carrying a flag.
走在前面的人打著一面旗子。
The men walking in front were carrying flags.
走在前面的人們都打著旗子。
限定動(dòng)詞be受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，它的形式須與主語一致。第一句為was，第二句為were.非限定動(dòng)詞walking則不受主語的限制，它的形式不隨主語而改變。
3)非限定動(dòng)詞的雙重性
a)非限定動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞的特征：
(a)如果非限定動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，須有賓語。
(b)非限定動(dòng)詞可以由狀語來修飾。
(c)非限定動(dòng)詞仍有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
b)非限定動(dòng)詞還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征它相當(dāng)于名
詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分。
非限定動(dòng)詞雙重性舉例：
He promised to do it tonight.他答應(yīng)今天晚上做。(非限定動(dòng)詞to do的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在它有賓語"和狀語tonight它的非動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在它用作promised的賓語。)
I am sorry to have disturbed you.我打擾你了，對(duì)不起。(to have disturbed是動(dòng)詞不定式to disturb的完成式，說明非限定動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)上的變化，這也是非限定動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)。)
I saw many people spreading manure in the fields.我看見許多人在地里施肥。(非限定動(dòng)詞spreading是現(xiàn)在分詞，它有賓語manure和狀語 in the fields。)
There is no time to be lost.必須抓緊時(shí)間。(to be lost是動(dòng)詞不定式to lose的被動(dòng)式，說明非限定動(dòng)詞有語態(tài)上的變化這也是非限定動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)。)
4)非限定動(dòng)詞短語帶有賓語或狀語的非限定動(dòng)詞
詞組，稱為非限定動(dòng)詞短語。如：
I have no time to finish that long novel this week.我本周沒有時(shí)間讀完那本長篇小說。(不定式短語)
Forgetting the past means betrayal.忘記過去就意味著背叛。(動(dòng)名詞短語)
Members wishing to see the play are requested to notify Li Min be fore Saturday.愿意看戲的會(huì)員請(qǐng)?jiān)谛瞧诹郧巴ㄖ蠲簟?/p>
非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不單獨(dú)作謂語，不受主語限制，可轉(zhuǎn)化為從句。
The man standing there is my teacher.
一、都“非謂語” 了，為什么還是“動(dòng)詞”
非謂語動(dòng)詞的本質(zhì)是動(dòng)詞，有動(dòng)詞的諸多特性，但由于它變成了非限定形式，不再受主語控制，不能再作謂語，故被稱為“非謂語動(dòng)詞”。劍橋與朗文語法詞典都將 其稱為“non-predicate verbs",其中“non-predicate"是一個(gè)整體，意思是“非謂 】五“
a口 。
動(dòng)詞性一非謂語動(dòng)詞保留了一定的動(dòng)詞特征，如可以表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、可用狀語修 飾，及物動(dòng)詞需加賓語等
I want to talk to you.
I wish to be loved and respected.
I remember having read about it.
He is playing hard.
Having plenty of time, we walked there.
可用狀語修飾
He is playing hard.
vt.要有賓語
Having plenty of time, we walked there.
非動(dòng)詞性一非謂語動(dòng)詞可以充當(dāng)形容詞、名詞、副詞等
(D=名詞
To eat is to live.
Seeing is believing.
I enjoy reading.
�、诙稳菰~、副詞
A crying child came in.
A watched pot never boils.
I come here to find out the reason.
二、不定式
時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)
—般式To doTo be done
進(jìn)行時(shí)To be doing—
完成時(shí)To have doneTo have been done
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)To have been doing—
I hope to see you soon.
They seem to be getting on well.
r m sorry to have bothered you so much.
The boy was happy to have been staying with his grandpa.
1.不定式可作除謂語外幾乎所有成分：
To err is human; to forgive is divine.（主語）
To be content with the little is true happiness.（主語）
We should agree to disagree.（賓語）
The most important thing is to save lives.（表語）
If you teach a man to fish, and he ll feed himself for a lifetime.（賓*卜）
He is the first to come.（定語）
I came to see if you are OK.（目的狀語）
I was too young to understand this.（結(jié)果狀語）
2.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：通過for或of引出邏輯主語
It is adj. for sb. to do sth（強(qiáng)調(diào)事物特征）
It is important for us to learn English.
It is adj. of sb. to do sth（強(qiáng)調(diào)人的特征）
It was kind of you to help me.
3.使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞，let, help, had better, would rather, cannot but, cannot help等后面跟不帶to的不定式，但是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)，要加to
I made him study eight hours a day.一He was made to study eight hours a day.
I saw him come in and sit down.——He was seen to come in and sit down.
三、動(dòng)詞的-ing和過去分詞
主動(dòng)被動(dòng)
時(shí)態(tài)肯定否定肯定否定
—般式doingNot doingBeing doneNot being done
完成時(shí)Having doneNot having
doneHaving been
doneNot having been done
1.動(dòng)詞的ing可作除謂語外幾乎所有成分。
如果作的是主語賓語等名詞性成分，則動(dòng)詞的-ing宜理解為動(dòng)名詞，其本質(zhì)就相當(dāng) 于名詞；
若做的是定語等修飾性成分，宜理解為現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞有“主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”的含 義
Saving is having.（主語，表語）
It is no use crying.（主語）
I enjoy playing football.（賓語）
He regrets not having worked hard at school.（賓語）
The dinner looks inviting.（表語）
Smoking room（定語）
A parrot leams by copying what people say.（介賓短語）
He saw the children playing in the yard.（賓補(bǔ)）
2.動(dòng)詞的過去分詞主要作修飾成分一一定、狀、補(bǔ)等。過去分詞有“被動(dòng)、完成”的 含義
Give me some plain boiled water.（定語）
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside.（狀語）
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